The massacre was one of the catalysts for a shift from passive resistance to armed resistance by these organisations. [10] At about 13:00 the police tried to arrest a protester, and the crowd surged forward. Pass laws intended to control and direct their movement and employment were updated in the 1950s. Today we remember the Sharpeville Massacre, which took place on this day in 1960, when 69 people were killed by police for protesting the South African apartheid Pass Laws restricting Black citizens … The protesters responded by hurling stones (striking three policemen) and rushing the police barricades. Wenn Sie anfangen, Englisch zu sprechen, ist es wichtig, sich an die Geräusche der Sprache zu gewöhnen. [6]:p.163, The African National Congress (ANC) prepared to initiate a campaign of protests against pass laws. [11], Many White South Africans were also horrified by the massacre. Approximately 10,000 Africans were forcibly removed to Sharpeville. Police reports in 1960 claimed that young and inexperienced police officers panicked and opened fire spontaneously, setting off a chain reaction that lasted about forty seconds. The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Sharpeville Massacre) The Sharpeville massacre was when a crowd of between 5,000–7,000 black people protested at the police station in Sharpeville, South Africa on March 21, 1960. A total of 69 people were killed including 8 women and 10 children, and 180 people were injured, including 31 women and 19 children. Sharpeville was much more than a single tragic event. South Africans are marking the 50th anniversary of the Sharpeville Massacre, during which police shot into a crowd of unarmed civilians protesting racial discrimination under apartheid. Police officers attempted to use tear gas to repel these advances, but it proved ineffectual, and the police fell back on the use of their batons. Individuals over sixteen were required to carry passbooks, which contained an identity card, employment and influx authorisation from a labour bureau, name of employer and address, and details of personal history. [2] People have different explanations to what the crowd was doing. The peaceful protest at Sharpeville against the pass laws was organised by the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) and met by … One of the insights was that international law does not change, unless there is some trigger for countries to change their behaviour. Many of the civilians present attended voluntarily to support the protest, but there is evidence that the PAC also used coercive means to draw the crowd there, including the cutting of telephone lines into Sharpeville, and preventing bus drivers from driving their routes. That day, the police opened fire and killed 69 people during a peaceful demonstration. The row of graves of the 69 people killed by police at the Sharpeville Police Station on 21 March 1960. International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. It had wide ramifications and a significant impact. Apartheid and baasskap was here to … März 1960 zu einer Demonstration in Sharpeville, nahe Johannesburg, auf. 1960: Scores die in Sharpeville shoot-out: BBC ON THIS DAY | 21 | 1960: Scores die in Sharpeville shoot-out, "March 21, 1960 | South African Police Kill 69 Black Protesters in Sharpeville Massacre", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharpeville_massacre&oldid=6376884, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. In der Polizeistation von Sharpeville sind 20 Polizisten. EN. T. he Sharpeville massacre, the name given to the murder of 69 unarmed civilians by armed South African police, took place on 21 March 1960. Outside Sharpeville police Station. Sharpeville massacre. The Sharpeville Massacre helped shape ANC policy. E.g., "[I]mmediately following the Sharpeville massacre in South Africa, over 1000 students demonstrated in Sydney against the apartheid system".—Barcan A. Sharpeville was first built in 1943 to replace Topville, a nearby township that suffered overcrowding where illnesses like pneumonia were widespread. Sharpeville massacre - how it began 1960-03-21. The massacre galvanized international public opinion. Sharpeville massacre, incident in the Black township of Sharpeville, near Vereeniging, South Africa, on March 21 1960, in which police fired on a crowd of Black people, killing or wounding some 250 of them. The Sharpeville Massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in the Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). On 1 April 1960, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 134. He also pursued William C. Quantrill's raiders following the Lawrence Massacre. For the resistance movements it marked the change from non-violent to violent protest. The Sharpeville Massacre became a milestone in South African history. Gegen Mittag fliegen Kampfflugzeuge über dem Polizeirevier, kurz danach erteilt ein ranghoher Polizeioffizier den Befehl, auf die unbewaffneten Demonstrierenden scharf zu schießen. Open menu. Due to the illness, removals from Topville began in 1958. Das Massaker von Sharpeville war die Erschießung von 69 Demonstranten und die Verletzung vieler weiterer wegen ihrer Hautfarbe diskriminierter Personen im Township Sharpeville in der heutigen Provinz Gauteng in Südafrika, damals Südafrikanische Union. [10] Some insight into the mindset of those on the police force was provided by Lieutenant Colonel Pienaar, the commanding officer of the police reinforcements at Sharpeville, who said in his statement that "the native mentality does not allow them to gather for a peaceful demonstration. Es liegt zwischen den beiden Industriestädten Vanderbijlpark und Vereeniging und wurde nach John Sharpe benannt, einem … A curious crowd. UNESCO marks 21 March as the yearly International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the massacre. [2] The crowd went to the police station demanding to be arrested for not carrying their passes. The foundation of Poqo, the military wing of the PAC, and Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC, followed shortly afterwards. The police were armed with firearms, including Sten submachine guns and Lee–Enfield rifles. auf www.sahistory.org.za (englisch) Einzelnachweise Bearbeiten Some of them had been on duty for over twenty-four hours without respite. The Sharpeville massacre was an event which occurred on 21 March 1960. [18], In 1998, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) found that the police actions constituted "gross human rights violations in that excessive force was unnecessarily used to stop a gathering of unarmed people. Als die ersten Steine gegen das Gebäude fliegen und Fensterscheiben zu Bruch gehen, holen sie Verstärkung. Under the country's National Party government, black residents in urban districts were subject to influx control measures. März 1960 und gilt als ein Wendepunkt in der Geschichte Südafrikas. The event also played a role in South Africa's departure from the Commonwealth of Nations in 1961. "[6]:p.537, On 21 March 2002, the 42nd anniversary of the massacre, a memorial was opened by former President Nelson Mandela as part of the Sharpeville Human Rights Precinct.[19]. [2] At some point the South African Police started shooting. Others say that the crowd were throwing stones at the police. Africa Media Online Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. "[15][16], Since 1994, 21 March has been commemorated as Human Rights Day in South Africa. United Nations Security Council Resolution 610, United Nations Security Council Resolution 615, "The Sharpeville Massacre – A watershed in South Africa", "The photos that changed history – Ian Berry; Sharpeville Massacre", "Sharpeville Massacre, The Origin of South Africa's Human Rights Day", The Sharpeville Massacre—a Watershed in South Africa, Student activists at Sydney University 1960–1967, "Sharpeville Memorial, Theunis Kruger Street, Dicksonville, Sharpville – ABLEWiki", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharpeville_massacre&oldid=1015586353, Killings by law enforcement officers in South Africa, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use South African English from April 2016, All Wikipedia articles written in South African English, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 April 2021, at 09:30. Many were shot in the back as they turned to flee, causing some to be paralyzed.[1]. The Sharpeville Massacre in the 1960s was a turning point in South African history. For them to gather means violence. [2] In present-day South Africa, 21 March is celebrated as a public holiday in honour of human rights and to commemorate the Sharpeville massacre. After a day of demonstrations, at which a crowd of black protesters far outnumbered the police, the South … After a day of demonstrations against pass laws, a crowd of about 7,000 protesters went to the police station. [citation needed], The Sharpeville massacre contributed to the banning of the PAC and ANC as illegal organisations. Beim brutalen Polizeieinsatz wurden 69 Demonstranten Das Sharpeville Massaker (1960) in Englisch | Schülerlexikon | Lernhelfer Das Massaker ereignete sich am 21. "[6]:p.538, The uproar among South Africa's black population was immediate, and the following week saw demonstrations, protest marches, strikes, and riots around the country. A storm of international protest followed the Sharpeville shootings, including sympathetic demonstrations in many countries[13][14] and condemnation by the United Nations. For almost fifty years black South Africans had strived for their struggle against oppression and exploitation with the greatest patience. [5], The official figure is that 69 people were killed, including 8 women and 10 children, and 180 injured, including 31 women and 19 children. [10] Few of the policemen present had received public order training. Many were shot in the back as they fled.[1]. [1] Gegründet wurde dieser Wohnort für Schwarze von der Apartheidregierung Südafrikas. 2011 hatte es 37.599 Einwohner. Nach dem Massaker von Sharpeville trat er dem ANC bei. [4] Leading up to the Sharpeville massacre, the National Party administration under the leadership of Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd used these laws to enforce greater racial segregation[5] and, in 1959–1960, extended them to include women. Some say this was what led Nelson Mandela to engaging in more violent protests. "Outside South Africa there were widespread reactions to Sharpeville in many countries which in many cases led to positive action against South Africa".—Reeves Rt-Rev A. Minderheiten, Rassismus, Apartheid. Everyone flees. Link zur lokalen Verwaltungseinheit auf www.municipalities.co.za (englisch) South African History Online : Sharpeville Massacre, 21 March 1960 . "[1] He also denied giving any order to fire and stated that he would not have done so. The year 2010 marked the fiftieth anniversary of one of apartheid South Africa's most infamous atrocities: the Sharpeville massacre. The Sharpeville massacre was a haunting historical response by black people against the Apartheid oppression. That impact is best broken down into its short-term, medium-term, and long-term significance. Later the crowd grew to about 20,000,[5] and the mood was described as "ugly",[5] prompting about 130 police reinforcements, supported by four Saracen armoured personnel carriers, to be rushed in. The poet Duncan Livingstone, a Scottish immigrant from the Isle of Mull who lived in Pretoria, wrote in response to the Massacre the Scottish Gaelic poem Bean Dubh a' Caoidh a Fir a Chaidh a Marbhadh leis a' Phoileas ("A Black Woman Mourns her Husband Killed by the Police").[12]. As both the PAC and the ANC struggled with the limitations of peaceful protests and police became increasingly nervous with greater responsibilities, a political boiling pot had begun to simmer. On 21 March 1960, the police opened fire on a group of demonstrators who had gathered peacefully outside Sharpeville police station in response to a nationwide call by the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) to protest against the hated pass system; 67 … … [3], South African governments since the eighteenth century had enacted measures to restrict the flow of black South Africans into cities. [6]:p.534, By 10:00, a large crowd had gathered, and the atmosphere was initially peaceful and festive. [3] Some say that the crowd was peaceful. It was one of the first and most violent demonstrations against apartheid in South Africa. Before the massacre, white officials considered Sharpeville a small, insignificant, and even a … As such, “Sharpeville” has … Sharpeville had a high rate of unemployment as well as high crime rates. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}26°41′18″S 27°52′19″E / 26.68833°S 27.87194°E / -26.68833; 27.87194, 1960 police killing of protesters in Transvaal (now Gauteng), South Africa. “The massacre at Sharpeville created a new situation in the country,” said Mandela in his autobiography, “A Long Walk to Freedom.” He was mainly referring to a turning point were the ANC and its offshoot PAC (Pan Africanist Congress) had realized that their peaceful approach to apartheid or segregation had no effect and were weighing the possibility of becoming more aggressive. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. Der beste Weg, dies zu tun, ist die Überprüfung der Phonetik. [17], Sharpeville was the site selected by President Nelson Mandela for the signing into law of the Constitution of South Africa on 10 December 1996. Unten finden Sie die britische Transkription für 'sharpeville' : The Sharpeville Massacre occurred in a South Africa that denied the rights and freedoms of anyone who was not considered “white” under a system called “apartheid.” Apartheid means “apartness” in the Afrikaans language. Sources disagree as to the behaviour of the crowd; some state that the crowd was peaceful, while others state that the crowd had been hurling stones at the police, and that the shooting started when the crowd started advancing toward the fence around the police station. The Sharpeville Massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in the Transvaal (today part of Gauteng ). People were participating to a political rally organized by the African National Congress (ANC) in Sharpeville, South Africa, against a law that limited and controlled their movements. In my own research on international human rights law, I looked to complexity theory, a theory developed in the natural sciences to make sense of the ways that patterns of behaviour emerge and change, to understand the way that international human rights law had developed and evolved. There was to be no change. The massacre was photographed by photographer Ian Berry, who initially believed the police were firing blanks. British Empire The Afrikaner poet Ingrid Jonker also mentioned the Sharpeville Massacre in her verse. [1] The police started shooting into the crowd. Significant reshaping of international law is often the result of momentous occurrences, mos… Sharpeville, home to 26,000 blacks within the larger town of Vereeniging, located south of Johannesburg, seemed an unlikely setting for a watershed moment in the history of apartheid resistance. After the people's protest; after the Sharpeville killings; after 20 000 people had been detained; the goverment closed another chapter in our countries history. [10], PAC actively organized to increase turnout to the demonstration, distributing pamphlets and appearing in person to urge people not to go to work on the day of the protest. For more than 30 years, the circumstances surrounding the Sharpeville Massacre were carefully hidden while nevertheless this event came to epitomize the stark face of apartheid and the cruel consequences of any opposition to the government. The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). After a day of demonstrations, at which a crowd of black protesters far outnumbered the police, the South African police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69 people. Opposition to apartheid regime spread throughout the world driven by coalitions of civil society and grassroots organizations. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [6]:pp.14,528 From the 1960s, the pass laws were the primary instrument used by the state to detain and harass its political opponents. Linguee. An Ordinary Atrocity: Sharpeville and Its Massacre | Frankel, Philip | ISBN: 9780300091786 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. The Sharpeville massacre occurred in unique circumstances, and proved to be a tragic event that would shape the future of the apartheid struggle. You get the chance to get a good grade extra if you answer the following questions in complete English sentences (insgesamt etwa 15 Sätze). The shooting started when the crowd started going toward the fence around the police station. On 30 March 1960, the government declared a state of emergency, detaining more than 18,000 people, including prominent anti-apartheid activists who were known as members of the Congress Alliance including Nelson Mandela and some still enmeshed in the Treason Trial.